The purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate 2 different antibiotics, drugs that fight bacteria, [clindamycin (CLINDA) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)] and wound care for the outpatient management of uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections (uSSTIs) in children and adults. The study will occur in areas where community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus are common. S. aureus is a type of bacteria. A total of 1310 volunteers, greater than or equal to 6 months of age, non-immunocompromised, with uSSTIs (in particular abscess and/or cellulitis) will be enrolled in this study. Subjects will be treated with one of the following: CLINDA, TMP-SMX, or placebo (contains no medication). Volunteers will be grouped based on the presence of cellulitis or abscess, whether the abscess can be surgically drained, and its size. The subject participation duration for this study is about 6 weeks.

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal outpatient treatment strategy of uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) in areas of the United States where the prevalence of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (CA-MRSA) is high. Infection with the S. aureus bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics is a cause of SSTIs. Three oral antibiotics will be tested for off patent treatment. Patients will receive Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), placebo (substance containing no medication), clindamycin, or cephalexin or some combination of these. The study population will include 1,590 volunteers, children 13 years of age and over and adults presenting to 5 large urban Emergency Departments. Therapy for acute uncomplicated SSTIs, including abscess, infected wound, and cellulitis will start on the day of enrollment. Participants may be involved in study related procedures for about 9 weeks.

The MTN-003 HIV prevention study include the use of microbicides, substances that kill microbes, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) - oral, FDA-approved, anti-HIV drugs. The purpose of this study is to determine if taking daily TDF and FTC/TDF as a part of the study MTN-003 has an effect on bone mineral density (BMD).

This study, conducted in Masan, South Korea, will investigate the effectiveness of linezolid (LZD) in treating patients with extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB). Because regular medicines do not work well against XDR TB, many more people die from it than from regular TB, which can be successfully treated by taking TB medication for 6 months. Linezolid has been used to treat other kinds of infections, but has not been well studied for TB. This study will look at the side effects and effectiveness of prolonged treatment with linezolid at two different doses. People 20 years of age and older who have XDR TB may be eligible for this 3-year study. Participants undergo the following tests and procedures:

• LZD treatment: Patients are randomly assigned to one of two study groups. Group 1 patients are observed for 2 months before starting LZD, while group 2 patients begin taking LZD right away. Both groups begin with a 600 mg daily dose of LZD. After patients stop coughing up TB germs (or after 4 months on LZD) they are randomly assigned either to continue taking 600 mg of LZD for the rest of the study or to take a decreased dose of 300 mg. In addition to LZD, patients continue to take their currently prescribed TB medications.
• Medical history.
• Physical examinations each month during treatment.
• Sputum collections once a week or more until 3 weeks after the patient is no longer contagious.
• Blood draws every week for 16 to 24 weeks and then once a month.
• Urine collections at several time points.
• Nerve and eye examinations before starting treatment and then monthly to look for possible LZD side effects.
• CT scans of the lungs three to four times the first year and once more later in the study. For this test the patient lies on a table within the doughnut-shaped CT scanner while special X-ray pictures are taken.

Patients who participate in a substudy will have PET scans instead of the CT scans. For this test, the patient is given an injection into a vein of a radioactive chemical that can be detected by a special camera and viewed on a screen. The patient lies on a table within the doughnut-shaped scanner while pictures are taken.

The main objective of the Atopic Dermatitis and Vaccinia Immunization Network (ADVN) is to reduce the risk of the fatal reaction, eczema vaccinatum (EV), to the smallpox vaccination in those with atopic dermatitis (AD). Since vaccination with live vaccinia virus (VV) in individuals with AD increases the risk of EV, a yellow fever vaccine was chosen. The purpose of this study is to determine the immune response to a yellow fever vaccine in adults with AD.

In the 20th century, influenza pandemics occurred in 1918, 1957, and 1968, and were associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that, in the United States alone, the next influenza pandemic could cause approximately 200,000 deaths and 750,000 hospitalizations. Thus, the development of a vaccine against potential influenza strains has become a priority. The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and immune response to an H2N2 influenza vaccine candidate.

This study will explore the possible cause of unexplained, or idiopathic, anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a rapid, life-threatening, severe reaction that occurs suddenly after contact with an allergy-causing substance, usually a particular food, drug or stinging insect. The allergen triggers mast cells to release several substances, including histamine. Histamine is responsible for many of the symptoms that may occur, such as flushing, hives, swelling of the palms and soles or tongue and vocal cords, nasal congestion, itching and tearing of the eyes, shortness of breath and wheezing, stomach pain, vomiting, low blood pressure, loss of consciousness, shock, and, rarely, death. Severe episodes of anaphylaxis are treated with epinephrine (adrenaline), followed by oral antihistamines and steroids. In more than half of cases of anaphylaxis, a clear cause is not identified. These cases are called idiopathic anaphylaxis. There is no cure or long-term preventive therapy for patients with recurrent episodes of idiopathic anaphylaxis. People between 18 and 55 years of age who have idiopathic anaphylaxis episodes at least 6 times a year (with at least one episode every 3 months) may be eligible for this study. Participants are evaluated at the NIH Clinical Center with the following tests and procedures:

• Medical history, physical examination and blood tests.
• Bone marrow biopsy. For this test, the skin over the hipbone and the outer surface of the hipbone itself are numbed with local anesthesia. Then, a needle is inserted into the hipbone and a small amount of bone marrow is drawn into a syringe. The needle also cuts a small core of bone marrow, which is removed for analysis.
• Other tests that may be needed for evaluation of the patient's condition.

More than 1.5 million deaths of African children under 5 years of age have been due to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. When HIV and malaria are present as coinfections, they enhance each other's progression. The primary purpose of this study is to compare the malarial infection levels in HIV-infected infants and children receiving protease inhibitor (PI)- or non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Dengue fever, which is caused by dengue viruses, is a major health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of and immune response to a new dengue virus vaccine in healthy adults.

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of vitamin D3 on the expression of alpha interferon (IFN alpha) expression in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with vitamin D deficiency.